South Kaladim

  • Level of Monsters:
  • None
  • Types of Monsters:
  • None
  • Name in /who:
  • kaladima
  • Succor/Evacuate:
  • Y: -2.0, X: -18.0 Z: 3.0
  • ZEM:
  • 0.75
Quick Facts
Expansion: Original.gif
Cast Outdoor
Cast Dungeon Only
Levitate
All can Bind

Kaladim is the underground city of the Dwarves of Norrath. A huge carved statue of a dwarf marks the entrance of their city onto the rugged Butcherblock Mountains.

Maps

South Kaladim
  • 1. Tanned Assets - Merchant selling Small Leather Armor
  • 2. Irontoe's Eats - home of Tumpy Irontoe, Merchants selling Alcohol and Meat Pies
  • 3. Staff and Spear - Merchants selling Swords (Didek Stormhammer) and Fletching Supplies (Alanury Stormhammer)
  • 4. Redfist's Metal - Merchants selling Small Shields and Weapons of all types, Forge and Stormguard Forge outside
  • 5. The Arena (not PvP)
  • 6. Pub Kal - Merchants selling Alcohol (Hanamaf Darkfoam & Dura Darkfoam), Brew Barrel, Bard outside
  • 7. Warrior's Guild with Merchants selling Various Weapons
  • 8. Priest of Discord
  • 9. Merchant selling Potions and Crystals
  • 10. Merchant selling Bags, Pottery Wheel and Kiln outside
  • 11. Gurtha's Ware with Merchants selling Small Boots, Small Cloth Armor, Pottery Supplies, Oven outside
  • 12. Castle - home of the King

Note that the Loom is located in a short dead end tunnel at approximately 30, 200 on this map. The short tunnel is on the map, but the Loom isn't marked.

Map_kaladima.jpg
Dangers

A very hardy, goodly people, the citizens of Kaladim keep a long memory of those who have wronged them and are steadfastly intolerant of all born under a dark orientation. The dwarves of Kaladim hold a special adversity to ogres and the Teir`Dal, who are advised to avoid the city gates of Kaladim if they wish to remain living in the world.

Benefits

The southern district of Kaladim holds the gated passageway to the Butcherblock Mountains, the training ground for all young dwarven heroes. Kaladim's proximity to the lush, fertile mountain grounds make this an ideal location for young adventurers to return when they find their satchels and backpacks full from the rewards reaped on the battlefield.

There are also many shops and taverns located in the southern region of Kaladim that offer their wares at reasonable prices and will purchase an adventurer's bounties for considerable sums of gold.

Travel To and From

Kaladim's entrance is along the northern border of the Butcherblock Mountains. To the west of this entrance lies the port where the dock from the continent of Antonica arrives, taking travellers to and from Freeport. Far in the other direction, through the mountain passes, lies the entrance to the forest of the elves, Greater Faydark. To the south lies the narrow pass to Dagnor's Cauldron.

Surrounding Areas

Butcherblock Mountains is a vast expanse of rough terrain on the north end of which lies Kaladim. The dwarves have guard stations scattered throughout the mountains, but they have been unable to claim the region for their own, and many dangerous monsters still wander around freely.

History, Lore, Background

Local Color
Places

This town is completely carved out of the mountains, and winds its way ever deeper. The guilds have each carved out their own niches in different areas of the caverns, forming a network of warrens that all dwarves call home.

People

The dwarves wander throughout their town, busy on business and protecting their community from the pressures outside. Many of the strongest warriors of the land, as well as its most devout, hail from these halls, and the inhabitants carry themselves with pride because of it.

History

From the time of Dagnor Butcherblock, the first Dwarven king, before the Elven Empire was established in the east, the dwarves thrived in the mountains to the west, surrounding the forest presently known as "Lesser Faydark." The dwarves settled into the jagged cliffs of what is known as the Butcherblock Mountains and there established their golden kingdom of Kaladim, the "forge of Norrath."

In the rule of Grimmly Fireforge, the 12th Dwarven king, nearby Ogres grew envious of the gold-rich mountain mines and the stone cutting skill of the Kaladim kingdom. This resulted in an intense racial hatred and many small fights occurred between the two kingdoms. In the middle of the second age, with the Elven wars raging to the east, the Dwarven nation was beset with an unanticipated and bloody war of their own when the Ogres took advantage of the situation in the east by launching a campaign against the kingdom of Kaladim, knowing the Elves could not afford to lend aid to the Dwarves.

The 5th warlord of the Rakthokian kingdom believed the key to annihilating the Dwarves was through destroying the trading centers and mining villages scattered through the northern Butcherblocks. He marched his army of Ogres and orcish slaves west across the Hills of Shade directly to north without fear of Elven intervention. The Dwarves still retell the horrible tales of the first Ogre attacks. The Dwarves were unprepared to meet such an unanticipated invasion force and the peaceful outlying cities of northern Kaladim were overrun in the opening days of the war. Ogre warriors showed no mercy, killing hundreds of Dwarves; no quarter was shown for women or children, for old or infirm. The bloodthirsty Ogres and their orcish slaves were thorough in their destruction. To this day very few hamlets outside of the capital of Kaladim can be found.

While the vile warlord's army reveled in its wicked deeds, dawdling over the eradication of the Dwarves outside the gates of Kaladim, King Grimmly was not lying by idly. He rapidly gathered a defense of stalwart miners and axe men, trained warriors and the men and women of Brell Serilis's temples. Anyone strong enough to lift an axe, sword, or pick was out fitted to meet the invaders. Within days of first hearing word of the threat to Kaladim, Grimmly was prepared to make his wrath known. On Crakthorn Ridge, just south of the Gates of Kaladim, the largest force of Dwarves ever assembled was ready to meet the invaders, their king at the fore. It was now the Ogres' turn for surprise. The fighting on the ridge was savage and brutal and the Ogres were forced to retreat to more favorable ground. The Ogre army was pushed back into the Hills of Shade with the Dwarves in close pursuit.

Unnoticed by Rakthokian horde, King Grimmly sent a small band of seasoned warriors to the south and east to see what could be seen of the enemy. Near the edge of the Faydark they observed a remaining fighting reserve of the Ogre army guarding the enemy's southern flank. This reserve, however large and potentially capable of swinging the war back in the favor of the Ogres, was populated primarily with orcs. For the only time in known history, Dwarves and orcs entered into an alliance of sorts. Appealing to the innate cowardice of the orcs, Grimmly's representatives convinced the orcs to slink into wilder lands of Faydwer, avoiding the risks of battle and a continued life at the feet of the Ogres. The Dwarves promised the orcish slaves they would leave them to their new freedom if the orcs would discontinue fighting for their masters. Thus the orcish slaves retreated from Lesser Faydark to the east, leaving the Ogres' southern flank wide open to an amassing second force of Dwarves. Caught between the two pincers of the Dwarven army the Ogres were decimated. The warlord fled with his few remaining soldiers to the south, escaping Faydwer altogether. Kaladim was safe once again.

As an historical side note, it is significant to briefly mention here the founding of Crushbone. While the Dwarves intended to keep their pact with the orcs, one group of orcs failed to keep their end of the agreement. A third of the freed orcs opted to settle much to close to the civilized lands of Faydwer. Founding Crushbone, the Dwarves felt, was a breaking of the limited alliance, re-igniting the feud between the Dwarves and the orcs. Accepting their role in loosing the orcs on nearby Kelethin, the Kingdom of Kaladim maintains a bounty on the orcs of Crushbone.

In more recent times, the local papers and bar talk are a buzz with the official trading embargo King Stormhammer has placed on Qeynos. Stemming from a case of discrimination against Dwarves by the tavern known as the Lion's Mane in the western Antonican city, the Dwarven king has called for a halt to trade until an apology is made by the tavern.

Items - Found 49 items that drop in South Kaladim:
Item Name Dropped By
item_951.png Amber King Kazon Stormhammer
item_569.png Battle Axe King Kazon Stormhammer
item_836.png Breath of Ro King Kazon Stormhammer
item_569.png Dwarven Axe
Multiple mobs
item_569.png Dwarven Axe
Multiple mobs
item_592.png Fine Steel Dagger
Multiple mobs
item_602.png Fine Steel Great Staff
Multiple mobs
item_590.png Fine Steel Long Sword
Multiple mobs
item_741.png Fine Steel Morning Star
Multiple mobs
item_604.png Fine Steel Scimitar
Multiple mobs
item_580.png Fine Steel Short Sword
Multiple mobs
item_519.png Fine Steel Two Handed Sword
Multiple mobs
item_581.png Fine Steel Warhammer
Multiple mobs
item_955.png Flame Agate King Kazon Stormhammer
item_615.png Gold Ring King Kazon Stormhammer
item_1129.png Ivory King Kazon Stormhammer
item_952.png Jade King Kazon Stormhammer
item_715.png Jade Earring King Kazon Stormhammer
item_756.png Mithril Earring King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 378 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 379 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 400 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 401 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 415 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 416 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 449 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Nilitim's Grimoire Pg. 450 King Kazon Stormhammer
item_953.png Pearl King Kazon Stormhammer
item_838.png Robe of Discord Priest of Discord
item_967.png Rune of Ap`Sagor King Kazon Stormhammer
item_967.png Rune of Concussion King Kazon Stormhammer
item_967.png Rune of Crippling King Kazon Stormhammer
item_967.png Rune of Frost King Kazon Stormhammer
item_967.png Rune of Impetus King Kazon Stormhammer
item_967.png Rune of Rathe King Kazon Stormhammer
item_967.png Rune of the Astral King Kazon Stormhammer
item_566.png Silver Amulet King Kazon Stormhammer
item_676.png Small Kite Shield King Kazon Stormhammer
item_887.png Staff of Discord Priest of Discord
item_699.png Tears of Prexus King Kazon Stormhammer
item_954.png Topaz King Kazon Stormhammer
item_753.png Wing of Xegony King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Words of Acquisition (Beza) King Kazon Stormhammer
item_896.png Words of Bondage King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Words of Crippling Force King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Words of Grappling King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Words of Odus King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Words of Requisition King Kazon Stormhammer
item_869.png Words of the Ethereal King Kazon Stormhammer
Item Name Dropped By
NPCs - Found 48 NPC's that spawn in South Kaladim:
NPC Name Race Class Gender Level(s) HP MR CR FR DR PR Min Expansion Max Expansion
Aarina Ratsbone Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 42 3,290 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Alanury Stormhammer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 38 3,210 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Baldoleky Rockfinder Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 38 3,210 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Barrith the Brave Dwarf Warrior Male 61 32,000 35 35 35 25 25 2 All Remaining
Beno Targnarle Dwarf Warrior GM Male 61 2,000,000 440 440 440 440 440 -1 All
Bindolmera Greybloom Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 42 3,290 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Bronlor Lightblade Dwarf Warrior Male 61 32,000 35 35 35 25 25 1 All Remaining
Byzar Bloodforge Dwarf Warrior GM Male 61 2,000,000 440 440 440 440 440 -1 All
Canloe Nusback Dwarf Warrior GM Male 61 2,000,000 440 440 440 440 440 -1 All
Didek Stormhammer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male 40 3,250 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Dirjadak Barbrawler Dwarf Warrior GM Male 61 2,000,000 440 440 440 440 440 3 All Remaining
Dooni Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 38 3,250 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Dura Darkfoam Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 40 3,250 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Furtog Ogrebane Dwarf Warrior GM Male 61 2,000,000 440 440 440 440 440 -1 All
Gretta Mottle Dwarf Shopkeeper Female 35 1,675 35 35 35 25 25 2 All Remaining
Guard Adolar Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Adolmer Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Anathur Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Badmer Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Bobbin Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Cardaff Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Didek Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Dinamin Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Dinler Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Gabbles Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Hinolmer Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Humkor Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Humphet Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Kathur Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Kindor Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Koranin Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Ninadek Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Ninaf Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Stump Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Guard Tantan Kaladim Citizen Warrior Male 38 - 42 3,210 145 145 145 130 130 -1 All
Gurtha Yaptongue Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 42 3,290 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Hanamaf Darkfoam Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male 42 3,290 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Handaaf Orcslicer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male 39 3,230 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Hanek Ogerbane Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male 38 3,210 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Hindaek Stormhammer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male 39 3,230 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Hogunk Ventille Dwarf Warrior GM Male 61 2,000,000 440 440 440 440 440 -1 All
Kalameky Darkfoam Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female 42 3,290 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Kilam Oresinger Wood Elf Bard Male 25 810 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
King Kazon Stormhammer Dwarf Warrior Male 50 9,550 75 50 50 50 50 -1 All
Priest of Discord Human Cleric Male 50 31,000 425 425 425 425 425 -1 All
Soulbinder Torvald Dwarf Warrior Male 1 34,500 26 26 26 26 26 3 All Remaining
Tumpy Irontoe Dwarf Shopkeeper Male 42 4,174 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
Vacto Molunel Dwarf Shopkeeper Male 35 1,675 35 35 35 25 25 -1 All
NPC Name Race Class Gender Level(s) HP MR CR FR DR PR Min Expansion Max Expansion
Spawn Points - Found 48 spawn points in South Kaladim:
Coordinates (y, x, z) NPC Names Respawn Min Expansion Max Expansion
(196.0, 299.0, 2.5) Gretta Mottle (100%)
0:20:00 (0) 2 All Remaining
(43.0, 365.0, 14.5) Dirjadak Barbrawler (100%)
0:20:00 (0) 3 All Remaining
(33.0, 408.0, 8.5) Vacto Molunel (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-15.0, 536.0, 2.5) Canloe Nusback (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(142.0, 306.0, 3.5) Hogunk Ventille (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(83.0, 404.0, 14.5) Beno Targnarle (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(73.0, 300.0, 14.5) Furtog Ogrebane (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-38.0, 400.0, 2.5) Byzar Bloodforge (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-87.0, 416.0, 2.5) Bronlor Lightblade (100%)
0:20:00 (0) 1 All Remaining
(224.0, -253.0, 13.5) Dooni (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-33.0, 467.0, 2.5) Guard Hinolmer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(113.0, 181.0, 2.5) Guard Kathur (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-159.0, -343.0, 10.5) Guard Dinamin (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-109.0, -304.0, 10.5) Guard Adolmer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(27.0, -377.0, 30.5) Guard Ninadek (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(145.0, -4.0, 2.5) Guard Koranin (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(70.0, 34.0, 22.5) Guard Badmer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-95.0, -377.0, 10.5) Guard Tantan (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-95.0, -340.0, 10.5) Guard Bobbin (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-64.0, -350.0, 10.5) Guard Didek (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-64.0, -368.0, 10.5) Guard Ninaf (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(41.0, -372.0, 30.5) Guard Humphet (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(45.0, -352.0, 10.5) Guard Adolar (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(44.0, -367.0, 10.5) Guard Kindor (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(64.0, -29.0, 22.5) Guard Anathur (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(64.0, 29.0, 22.5) Guard Dinler (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(135.0, -12.0, 2.5) Guard Humkor (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(135.0, 13.0, 2.5) Guard Gabbles (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(63.0, -11.0, 2.5) Guard Stump (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(63.0, 14.0, 2.5) Guard Cardaff (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-115.0, -359.0, 14.5) King Kazon Stormhammer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(254.0, -185.0, 2.5) Baldoleky Rockfinder (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(183.0, -137.0, 2.5) Aarina Ratsbone (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(137.0, 232.0, 2.5) Alanury Stormhammer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(139.0, 371.0, 2.5) Hindaek Stormhammer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(136.0, 221.0, 2.5) Didek Stormhammer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(99.0, 236.0, 2.5) Dura Darkfoam (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(90.0, 229.0, 5.2) Hanamaf Darkfoam (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(178.0, 313.0, 2.5) Tumpy Irontoe (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(221.0, -254.0, 2.5) Hanek Ogerbane (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(125.0, 399.0, 2.5) Bindolmera Greybloom (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(173.0, 389.0, 2.5) Kalameky Darkfoam (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(230.0, -252.0, 2.5) Gurtha Yaptongue (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(-41.0, 428.0, 2.5) Handaaf Orcslicer (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(137.0, 339.0, 1.5) Barrith the Brave (100%)
0:20:00 (0) 2 All Remaining
(210.0, 215.0, 2.5) Soulbinder Torvald (100%)
0:20:00 (0) 3 All Remaining
(105.0, 222.0, 3.1) Kilam Oresinger (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
(46.0, 48.0, 3.7) Priest of Discord (100%)
0:20:00 (0) -1 All
Coordinates (y, x, z) NPC Names Respawn Min Expansion Max Expansion
Fishing - Found 0 fish-able items in South Kaladim:
Name Skill Level Chance Min Expansion Max Expansion
Name Skill Level Chance Min Expansion Max Expansion
Foraging - Found 7 forage able items in South Kaladim:
Name Skill Level Chance Min Expansion Max Expansion
item_1037.png Fruit 0 10% -1 All
item_1037.png Berries 0 10% -1 All
item_1011.png Vegetables 0 18% -1 All
item_925.png Rabbit Meat 0 6% -1 All
item_583.png Roots 0 12% -1 All
item_584.png Pod of Water 0 36% -1 All
item_926.png Fishing Grubs 0 8% -1 All
Name Skill Level Chance Min Expansion Max Expansion
Ground Spawns - Found 1 ground spawns in South Kaladim:
Name Coordinates (Y, X, Z) Comment Min Expansion Max Expansion
item_646.png An Old Silver Coin (71.0, 364.0, 0.0) An Old Silver Coin (Geza) for Tashania Quest -1 All
Name Coordinates (Y, X, Z) Comment Min Expansion Max Expansion
Merchants - Found 16 merchants in South Kaladim (these are included in the NPCs list):
Name Race Class Gender Coordinates (Y, X, Z) Expansion
Gretta Mottle Dwarf Shopkeeper Female (196.0, 299.0, 2.5) 2
Vacto Molunel Dwarf Shopkeeper Male (33.0, 408.0, 8.501) -1
Dooni Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (224.0, -253.0, 13.5) -1
Baldoleky Rockfinder Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (254.0, -185.0, 2.5) -1
Aarina Ratsbone Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (183.0, -137.0, 2.5) -1
Alanury Stormhammer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (137.0, 232.0, 2.5) -1
Hindaek Stormhammer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male (139.0, 371.0, 2.501) -1
Didek Stormhammer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male (136.0, 221.0, 2.501) -1
Dura Darkfoam Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (99.0, 236.0, 2.5) -1
Hanamaf Darkfoam Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male (90.0, 229.0, 5.2) -1
Tumpy Irontoe Dwarf Shopkeeper Male (178.0, 313.0, 2.5) -1
Hanek Ogerbane Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male (221.0, -254.0, 2.5) -1
Bindolmera Greybloom Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (125.0, 399.0, 2.501) -1
Kalameky Darkfoam Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (173.0, 389.0, 2.501) -1
Gurtha Yaptongue Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Female (230.0, -252.0, 2.5) -1
Handaaf Orcslicer Kaladim Citizen Shopkeeper Male (-41.0, 428.0, 2.5) -1
Name Race Class Gender Coordinates (Y, X, Z) Expansion